Organization of Islamic Cooperation
In the second decade of the twentieth century, the problem for Arabs and non-Arabs was that the non-Arabs, especially the Muslims of the subcontinent, wanted Muslims around the world to be truly united as brothers according to the Islamic faith.
The aspirations of becoming Arabs emphasized nationalism and were against the Ottoman Caliphate of Turkey, while Turkey was also called a sick man because of its weaknesses and had lost much of its territory in the Middle East, including Central Eastern Europe.
Thus, when World War I broke out in 1914, Turkey fought a war with Germany, rather than an alliance of Britain, Russia, France, the United States, and other countries, because on the On one hand, in the event of victory, The Occupied Territories could have been recaptured and at the same time they could have been stronger than Britain, France, Italy, and Russia in the future, but at the end of World War I, in 1918, Germany and Turkey were defeated.
But despite the defeat, General Mustafa Kemal Pasha of the Turkish army fought hard to drive the British out of Turkey from 1923-24, but Atatrk Mustafa Kemal Pasha also adopted a policy of Turkish nationalism and secularism. It was also a reaction against the Arabs because During World War I, together with Lord Lawrence, also known as Lawrence of Arabia, a well-known British agent in the Arab world, the Arab Emir and Sheikh inflicted irreparable damage on the Turks during the war to gain kingdoms, leading to the complete defeat of the Turkish Caliphate.
In contrast, Muslims on the subcontinent helped Turkey a lot during and immediately after the war, even donating girls' dowry and jewelry. Then, in 1918, after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish Caliphate launched the Khilafah Movement in India to put pressure on the British to restore the Turkish Caliphate, but when Mustafa Kemal Pasha himself secured Turkey instead of the Caliphate.
After the formation of
the republic, this movement cooled down in the subcontinent as well, but the desire for Islamic unity among the Muslims remained on the world stage.
World War I and subsequent Arab nationalist tribal leaderships led by chiefs,
aristocrats, and sheiks in the British, French, and Italian colonies, and in
some countries, puppet kingdoms continued to operate with a semi-independent conception of Jews in World War I. The capitalists had given a lot of
financial support to the British.
So Britain wanted to repay what the British had already promised. Very few of these Arab leaders here knew that the British Foreign Secretary Balfour had joined the World Zionist Organization in the heart of the Arab world, Palestine. The mighty Jewish state had declared the establishment of the state of Israel, or even a few kings knew it, so they kept it a secret. These rulers had seen the performance of the Western powers and their modern weapons, tanks, and fighter jets in the First World War, so they did not show any courage.
Now, on the one hand, Turkey, after losing to the West, wanted to move forward in the guise of Turkish nationalism in the guise of Western society and civilization, with secularism and neutrality, and on the other hand, eighteen years after the First World War. Stood on the brink of war.
In addition to Afghanistan and Turkey, Saudi Arabia was the only independent Islamic country. World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945. In this war, in the "Holocaust", Germany killed an estimated 600,000 Jews, 85% of whom were civilians. By the end of 1942, Germany, Italy, and then Japan were dominant.
A major and historic front in this war was Egypt, Sinai, Libya and Syria, Iraq, where the famous German General Rommel, known as the Desert Fox, was compared to the famous British General Montgomery, like other fronts. But thousands of Indian soldiers of the British army fought in thousands.
Similarly, at the behest of Jewish leaders from around the world, especially the Jewish settlers in Palestine, thousands of allied forces, especially the British, fought against the German forces here. This was the case in the Middle East, especially in Palestine during World War II, where 30,000 Jewish troops sided with the British.
Similarly, at the request of other Arab leaders, 12,000 Arab armies fought against Germany here on the side of the British, but the Mufti of Jerusalem, Muhammad Amin al-Husseini, sided with Nazi Germany. Mufti Muhammad Amin al-Husseini made his position better in favor of Palestine and Islam. In World War II, a total of 1.5 million Jews from around the world sided with the Allies at the behest of the Zionist leadership, and about 200,000 Jews were killed fighting on the side of Russia and the United States.
This was a few months before the end of World War II, when the Arab League was formed on March 22, 1945. However, it was an alliance formed on the basis of Arab nationalism and its main member states were those who fought against the Turks in the First World War against the Turks on the basis of Arab nationalism and in favor of the Western alliance.
Israel was established in July 1948 and was followed by the first Arab-Israeli war in which the Arab nations were defeated. At that time, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was on a pilgrimage to Balochistan for treatment after both, his lungs failed completely due to TB disease. Quaid-e-Azam had opposed the British plan for Palestine from the beginning and said that the British Commonwealth and British the government must stop this horrible project or else this problem will continue to cause catastrophe for a long time to come.
Shortly after the First Arab-Israeli War, monarchies collapsed in Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and later Libya, and pro-Soviet socialist republics were established along with Arab nationalism, according to Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's Arab nationalist ideology.
In the Arab world, on the one hand, it intimidated the rulers of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. On the other hand, Nasser went so far in Arab nationalism and socialist ideology that he forgot Islamic ideology and beliefs, but this Arab nationalism was different from the Arab nationalism of Arab amirs, sheiks, and kings who overthrew the Ottoman Caliphate. This Arab nationalism was against the monarchies and Islamic ideologies and beliefs in the Arab world with the support of the Soviet Union and socialist ideologies.
In 1967, the Arabs suffered their worst defeat in the Third Arab-Israeli War. Israel occupied many areas of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon, and this defeat also damaged socialist Arab nationalism. Then, on September 21, 1969, when the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Israeli-occupied Jerusalem was set on fire under a Zionist conspiracy, the Mufti of Jerusalem did not invite the Arab League but called on the leaders of the Islamic world to hold a joint conference.
Thus, the first Islamic Summit was held in the Moroccan city of Rabat from September 22 to September 25, 1969, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) was formed, an Arab nationalism based on the ideology of the first Arab emirs, sheiks, and bastards.
And then there was the ideology of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Now the form of Muslim unity has emerged as a problem for the Islamic world after the Al-Aqsa Mosque fire, and the Arab countries have joined it with the same enthusiasm. And non-Arab Muslim countries joined with enthusiasm.
Member countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Today, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has 57 member countries. When it was established in 1969, its core members were Afghanistan, Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. Palestine, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Somalia, and Tunisia were included.
Bahrain in 1970, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Syria, UAE, Sierra Leone in 1972, Bangladesh in 1974, Gambon, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Cameroon in 1975, Qamar Islands in 1976, Iraq, Maldives, Djibouti, Benin in 1982, Brunei in 1984, Nigeria in 1986, Ghazistan, Tajikistan, Albania, Turkmenistan, Mozambique in 1991, Kazakhstan in 1995, Uzbekistan, Suriname in 1996, Togo in 1997 Guinea joined the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in 1998, Ivory Coast in 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994, Central Africa in 1994, Turkish Cyprus in 1997, Thailand in 1979, Thailand in 1998, and Russia in 2005. Become an observer of the organization.
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries has a total area of 31.66 million square kilometers and a population of about 1.86 billion. Their total GDP is 27 27.949 trillion in terms of purchasing power and per capita annual income of 93 9361, and if these countries really increase unity and cooperation, they will quadruple their GDP and per capita income in a short period of time. Let this bloc grow and become one of the strongest blocs in the world economically, politically, and militarily.
It should be noted that apart from these member countries, the proportion of Muslims in the total population of India is between 18% and 20% and the proportion of Muslims in the population of Russia is still more than 10%, Russia observes the organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Both Russia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation benefit, while India has repeatedly applied for
membership and observer status in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation,
and Pakistan has always strongly opposed it, oppressing the Muslim majority in
Kashmir and providing them with UN security. It is based on the grounds
of non-granting of independence in accordance with the resolutions unanimously
adopted by the Council.
the organization of Islamic Cooperation is headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Here is the list of the Secretary-General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
No. 1. Tanku Abdul
Rahman of Malaysia was Secretary-General from 1971 to 1973.
No. 2. Hassan
al-Tahumi of Egypt 1974-75
No. 3. Dr. Madhu
Karim Gai of Sini Gal from 1975 to 1979. Habib Shiti of Tunisia
No. 5 from 1979 to
1984. Sharifuddin Pirzada of Pakistan from 1984 to 1989
No. 6. Dr. Hamid
Al-Ghabid of Nigeria from 1989 to 1996. Dr. Izz al-Din Laraki of Morocco
from 1997 to 2000,
No. 8. Morocco's
Dr. Abdel Lahd Bulkgarir 2001 to 2004
No. 9. Turkey's
Dr. Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu has been the Secretary-General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation(Organization of Islamic Cooperation)
from 2004 to 2014, Saudi Arabia's Ayad bin Amin Madani from 2014 to 2016 and
since then.
When the Organization of Islamic Cooperation was established in 1969, it was a time when the world was reaching a critical juncture in terms of the Cold War. In 1970, Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser, the revolutionary leader of the Arab world, died. From 1971-72, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman became independent countries and members of the United Nations.
Not only did China become a member of the United Nations, but it was given a permanent seat and veto power in the Security Council, recognizing Taiwan as the mainland China. The fourth Arab-Israeli war took place in 1973, in which the organization of Islamic Cooperation (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) played a far more important role than the Arab League, and many countries, including Pakistan, fought militarily behind the scenes and on foreign political fronts, especially from the UN platform. The declaration fully supported the Palestinians and Arabs. After the recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan in 1974, China withdrew its objections to Bangladesh's membership in the United Nations and Bangladesh was then the second-largest Islamic country in terms of population after Indochina. Became a member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
In the same year, the second Organization of Islamic Cooperation Islamic Conference was held in Lahore. The Islamic Conference was held 76 years after the end of World War I and the Ottoman Caliphate and 29 years after the end of World War II and the formation of the United Nations. King Faisal of Saudi Arabia and the revolutionary leader of Libya, Colonel Muammar Qaddafi, attended the conference. Many leaders of the member countries with ideological differences in the Arab world and in the Islamic world, including Afi, were present.
This is the second successful Islamic Conference of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) held in Lahore in 1974 on the basis of the International Islamic Alliance after a long period of 103 years. Continued after three years. Thus, these regular meetings have been held twice in Saudi Arabia, twice in Morocco, twice in Turkey, and once in Kuwait, Senegal, Morocco, Tehran, Qatar, Malaysia, and Egypt.
According to this rule, the last Islamic Conference was held on May 31, 2019, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, while the seven special meetings of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation(Organization of Islamic Cooperation) have been held from 1997 to 2018. And March 24, 1997, in Islamabad, Pakistan, the second meeting in Qatar in 2003, third and fourth special meeting in 2005 and 2012 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, fifth special meeting in Indo-Asia 2016 and sixth and seventh special meeting. Held in Istanbul, Turkey in 2017 and 2018.
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) was founded on the basic idea of co-operation and mutual assistance between Islamic countries around the world, and in accordance with the rules of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, its summits take place three years later. The Foreign Ministers of the member countries hold annual meetings to review the performance and progress on the policies and plans in place.
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has five standing committees to implement the agreed policies and plans.
No. 1. Standing
Committee on Information and Cultural Affairs,
No.2. Economic and
Trade Affairs,
No. 3. Science and
Technology Cooperation Standing Committee,
No. 4. Islamic
Committee for Economic, Cultural and Social Affairs,
No. 5. Permanent
Trade Committee.
While the wings or arms of this Organization of Islamic Cooperationare as follows,
No. 2. The Islamic
History, Art and Cultural Research Center has offices in Ankara and Istanbul,
Turkey.
No. 3. Islamic
University of Technology Dhaka Bangladesh,
No. 4. Islamic
Center for Trade Casablanca Morocco,
No. 5. Islamic
Jurisprudence Academy
No. 6. Executive
Beaver of Islamic Solidarity Fund and Waqf Jeddah Saudi Arabia,
No. 7. Islamic The University of Nigeria,
No. 8. The Uganda University of Islamic Emba.
There are also Organization of Islamic Cooperation affiliates.
No. 1. Islamic
Chambers of Commerce and Industry Karachi Pakistan,
No. 2.
Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities Jeddah Saudi Arabia,
No. 3. Sports Fed Ration for Islamic
Hundred Leadership Games Riyadh Saudi Arabia,
No. 4. Islamic Committee
for International Crescent ICCI Benghazi Libya,
No. 5. Federation
of International Arab Islamic Schools Jeddah Saudi Arabia,
No. 6.
International Organization for Islamic Bank IAIB Jeddah Saudi Arabia,
No. 7. Islamic
Conference Forum for Youth Negotiation and Cooperation (CICYF-DC) Istanbul
Turkey, so if you look at the organizational structure of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, it is no different from other major active international organizations. This area, population, resources are far more than the European Union in all respects.
The 27 countries of the EU has an area of 4233,225 square kilometers, a population of 447 million, or 447 million, and a GDP of .3 19.397 trillion, and a per capita annual income of 6 43,615. Is.
It is the world's largest religious organization with a membership of 57 countries, and it is a fact that it appealed to the Mufti of Jerusalem after the Al-Aqsa Mosque fire in 1969. I.e., it was not built on the recommendation of the head of any Islamic country, and it is a bitter truth that when it was established, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation did nothing but condemn the burning of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Israeli-occupied Jerusalem. And in the Moroccan city of Rabat, it was just a historic event that this organization was formed.
It is a fact that there was outrage among Muslims all over the world against Israel and once again after the Ottoman Caliphate, the majority of Muslims around the world wanted Muslim countries around the world to unite on a single platform. The Turkish Caliphate was abolished after the First World War in 1918. As a result, when Saudi Arabia was introduced to the world as an independent country, the title of the caliph was not adopted for the ruler, but the monarchy was declared. Sometime later, in the 1980s, the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques were adopted, and the kingdom is used for Saudi Arabia both officially and at the United Nations.
Then came 1973 Arab-Israeli War, in which Egypt and Syria had a better position than in the previous three wars. After that war, the then three leaders of the Islamic world, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan and Libyan President Colonel Muammar Gaddafi played a key role. Although at that time the leaders of other Islamic countries also gave their full support, in the beginning, the same three leaders did it with courage and boldness because at that time the Cold War was at its height.
The Islamic world, especially the Arab countries were clearly divided into American and Soviet blocs, and so the Cold War grip on every aspect of the governments of these Muslim-majority countries were not limited to cooperation between Islamic countries. There was talk of it and it was implemented to a great extent. Rising oil prices not only multiplied the revenues of the oil-producing Islamic countries but also liberated other Gulf countries, including the United Arab Emirates, from British colonies from 1970 to 1972.
Not only did they become richer as soon as they became independent, but the UAE also developed by focusing on industry and trade and Pakistan helped them a lot, cooperating with them in many fields including airports and airlines of these countries.
What happened when 3.5 million Pakistanis went for jobs in these oil-producing countries and Pakistan got a permanent and stable source of foreign exchange was the reason why, Bhutto adopted an independent foreign policy and Russia, It also strengthened relations with China and not only adopted a balanced approach to foreign affairs from the United States and Britain, but also gained independence from their economic, political, and military clutches.
Although the situation in Pakistan was better for the Soviet Union than for the Soviet Union, the successful Organization of Islamic Cooperation Islamic Conference in Lahore as a whole was not being digested by both the United States and The Soviet Union. It was clear from day one of the Soviet Union that pro-Soviet governments had been formed on the basis of military revolutions in Muslim-majority countries such as Egypt, Syria, Iraq, etc., and their system of government had become more socialist with dictatorships.
But nowhere in the world has a Muslim country had a communist secular system like Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, the Muslim-majority states of Central Asia in the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. During the reign of Tsarist Russia, Russian occupation was consolidated from 1839 when the First Anglo-Afghan War broke out and then during the Second and Third British-Afghan Wars, Russia deprived Muslims of their religious rights.
The third Anglo-Afghan war broke out in 1919, two years after the 1917 communist revolution, after which Afghanistan's King Ghazi Amanullah Khan invaded Afghanistan after refusing to accept a large number of British subsidies from 1878. Defense and foreign policy were liberalized and balanced. Later, Ghazi Amanullah Khan visited the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union also trained Afghan troops in Afghanistan with modern weapons, including fighter jets.
In 1973, Zahir Shah's reign in Afghanistan was overthrown and Sardar Dawood became president. Shortly after the successful Islamic Conference in 1974, Sardar Daoud began to lean in that direction, and this was probably the reason why in 1978, with the support of the Soviet Union, Sardar Dawood was assassinated in Afghanistan and a communist government was established there. The Soviet Union, led by President Noor Mohammad Taraki, adopted a strategy to defend itself on the basis of Islamic power and to prevent a possible Islamic movement in the Muslim states of Central Asia from using Afghanistan as a shield.
On the other hand, the Allied bloc of the United States first planned to remove the leadership from the Islamic countries which had led to the success of the Islamic Conference in Lahore and after that, the set goals were being achieved successfully.
The British and their allies soon succeeded in this because in most Islamic countries, especially where there were monarchies, dictatorships, or semi-democratic governments, important figures were already afraid of the Soviet Union's support. They were allies of the United States and Britain. In this context, the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperationchanged dramatically when King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was assassinated and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged in our country.
In 1979, the Islamic Revolution of Imam Khomeini took place in Iran. Thus, a situation of wars arose in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan and later in Iraq as well. Yes, a year after the Iran-Iraq war broke out in 1980, the leadership of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) changed and its style changed.
Unfortunately, since then, the vision of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation leadership has not been one of foresight in terms of strategy and planning, but it has also deviated from the unity of beliefs and ideologies and the unity of the Islamic Nation. Has been doing. At the 1974 Islamic Summit, the monarchies and communist dictatorships and semi-democracies of the Muslim-majority countries all agreed on the cooperation of the governments of the Islamic countries on the world stage and adopted a strategy of putting differences behind each other. ۔
Now the situation was very different. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation, which was originally set up in response to Israel, the United States, The United Kingdom, and the Western Alliance, in response to UN-based injustice and atrocities against Muslims around the world, but now the Soviet Union's military intervention in Afghanistan Then, in 1990, President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait and called on the United States and its allies to intervene militarily in the Middle East.
In 1990, the former Soviet Union disintegrated and Russia itself fell victim to the greatest economic and political crisis in history. After the end of the Cold War and globalization, the United States gave the world policies and plans based on concepts such as the New World Order and the Global Village, so in our region too, India became America's strategic partner instead of Pakistan.
The United States began to change its maneuvers to compete with China. Hinduism, Hinduism, extremism and extremism was introduced in India's democracy instead of secularism, and in the 1990s the Babri Masjid was demolished and replaced by the Ram Temple.
With the rise of Hindu Dharma extremism in India, Muslim countries around the world became guilty of terrorism after the 9/11 attacks and its focus was on Afghanistan, from which the United States, with the help of the Afghan Mujahideen, The Soviet Union and communism were defeated in the world, while the Organization of Islamic Cooperation simply spoke out against the military intervention in Afghanistan against the former Soviet Union, while the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has done what the United States and its allies have wanted since 9/11. C acted.
Since 2014, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has been controlled by Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. During this time, Iraq, Syria, Libya, and the Arab world fell victim to severe civil wars. Afghanistan remained a permanent battlefield and Pakistan was intervened in every possible way.
Since the beginning of President Donald Trump's term in the United States in 2016, he has made a very successful attempt to resolve the two major issues of the world, Kashmir and Palestine, which has been before the United Nations for 73 years. Meanwhile, the United States moved its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Shortly afterward, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain recognized Israel, and the rest of the Arab world maintained relations with Israel. They are also visiting these countries. Similarly, since 2019, India's attitude towards occupied Jammu and Kashmir is very extremist.
By removing Article 370 from the Indian Constitution, an attempt is being made not only to make Occupied Jammu and Kashmir a province of India, but also abolish Article 35 and start a plan to make the Muslim majority in Occupied Jammu and Kashmir a minority.
Is Occupied Indian Jammu and Kashmir has been under curfew for almost a year and a half and the worst human rights violations are taking place in the region. Unfortunately, whenever Pakistan tried to raise its Organization of Islamic Cooperation on this issue from the platform of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Arab countries did not give importance to Pakistan as compared to India. They are better than India because of the support.
Now that Pakistan's interests have shifted to China and India is completely dependent on the United States and Britain, it has become clear to the world that either the Organization of Islamic Cooperation leadership has changed or its role in the real sense has changed.
Will pay or a new Islamic alliance will emerge in comparison to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and if such a new alliance is formed it will not include most of the oil-producing Islamic countries, but it is a bitter truth that the 2014 since then, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has failed miserably.
Immediately after the Cold War in 1990, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation made some changes to its charter and guidelines over time. Egypt adopted the Qur'an and Sharia law on human rights in accordance with the Cairo Declaration. In March 2008, the Charter was revised twice, emphasizing human rights, basic human freedoms and rights, and good governance in member states.
The UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was also made leaders but despite all this, according to the UNHCR, the number of refugees in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation member states was 18.6 million. The Syrian civil war has killed an additional 4.9 million people since 2012, but the future of the 1.8 billion people in the 57 Organization of Islamic Cooperation member states are still in jeopardy.
